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  • In these cases we talk about substitute (mnemonic) pseudo-reminiscences. Confabulations of fantastic content are much less common. There is usually no parallel between the degree of memory impairment and the severity of confabulation.
  • Patients with Korsakoff's syndrome always have a decreased level of judgment and activity.
  • Mental and physical fatigue can be constantly detected. These disorders are more pronounced in older people.
  • In most cases, Korsakoff syndrome occurs acutely, following states of confusion, most often following delirium, usually severe.
  • Korsakoff syndrome is observed in various intoxications (primarily alcoholism) and after traumatic brain injury. for brain tumors and infectious diseases, after acute hypoxia (carbon monoxide poisoning, hanging, etc.), during atrophic and vascular processes.
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Intelligence is the ability to acquire knowledge and use it in practice. The core of intelligence is thinking. In addition, emotions, will, perception, and memory suffer. Signs of dementia are loss of accumulated abilities and knowledge, a general decrease in the productivity of mental activity, and personality changes. The dynamics of dementia vary. With brain tumors, atrophic diseases and atherosclerosis, mental defects constantly increase. In the case of post-traumatic and post-stroke dementia, restoration of some mental functions in the first months of the disease and a stable nature of symptoms over many subsequent years are possible. However, in general, the negative nature of dementia disorders determines its relative persistence and the impossibility of complete recovery.

The clinical picture of dementia differs significantly in the main mental illnesses - organic processes, epilepsy and schizophrenia. All components of the intellect suffer (thinking, memory, emotions, will, perception, personality as a whole). Total (paralytic) dementia manifestedis a primary loss of the ability to logic and understand reality. Memory impairments can be very severe, progressive amnesia of the Ribot type is observed, but they may lag behind disorders of abstract thinking. A sharp decrease or complete absence of a critical attitude towards the disease is noticeable. Emotional impoverishment is observed, the moral qualities of the individual suffer. the sense of duty, delicacy, correctness, politeness, and modesty disappear.

There is a gradual disinhibition of lower emotions associated with instincts. Patients can cynically swear, expose themselves, urinate and defecate right in the ward, and are sexually disinhibited. Desires increase. This is especially true for appetite that reaches the level of bulimia. Patients are sloppy and do not take care of their appearance. Elements of behavioral regression may be observed - they eat with their hands, pick up scraps, lie down on the bed dressed, take food and things from others without asking, etc.

The cause of total dementia is a direct expression of the cerebral cortex. These can be diffuse processes, for example, degenerative diseases (Alzheimer's and Pick's disease), meningoencephalitis (for example, syphilitic meningoencephalitis - progressive paralysis), alcoholism.